The two thin coaxial rings, each of radius \( a \) and having charges \( +Q \) and \( -Q \) respectively are separated by a distance of \( s \). The potential difference between the centres of the two rings is:
\( \dfrac{Q}{4\pi \varepsilon_0}\left[ \dfrac{1}{a} + \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{s^2 + a^2}} \right] \)
\( \dfrac{Q}{2\pi \varepsilon_0}\left[ \dfrac{1}{a} + \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{s^2 + a^2}} \right] \)
\( \dfrac{Q}{4\pi \varepsilon_0}\left[ \dfrac{1}{a} - \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{s^2 + a^2}} \right] \)
\( \dfrac{Q}{2\pi \varepsilon_0}\left[ \dfrac{1}{a} - \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{s^2 + a^2}} \right] \)